Burner



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Patented Apr. 29, 1952 BURNER John Frederick Grosskloss, Steubenville, Ohio Application February 12, 1949, Serial No. 75,995

3 Claims. (Cl. 158-28) My invention relates to heating burners of the radiant type, suitable for the heat treatment of metals, as in annealing furnaces; in soaking pits for melting furnaces or pots, and in fire boxes for boilers, etc.

The present invention is a modification of that Another object of my invention is to provide a' burner structure of the type referred to wherein heating is effected by radiation from heated refractory tips and also from jet flames, withoutthe impingement of flames directly on the work.

Still another object of my invention is to provide an improved form of heat radiating unit or units that break up the streams of hot gases fromburner flames and absorb heat therefrom in a more effective manner than in the case .of various types of radiant heaters heretofore employed.

A still further object ofmy invention is to provide a heating unit of the character referred to that can be used either ina furnace or transported from place to place for the treatment of work pieces that are not contained in a furnace.

Some of the forms which my invention may take are shown in the accompanying drawings wherein Figure 1 is a vertical sectional View through a portion of a heating unit; Fig. 2 is a rear face view of a completely assembled unit;

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are horizontal sectional views of various other forms of heating units; Fig. 6 shows still another modification of the structure of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is an inner face view showing heat-radiating elements in the form of refrac" tory bars disposed across the front of the combustion chamber, in relatively-spaced relation; Fig. 8 is a view taken on the line VIIIV'III of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 shows a modification of the structure of Figs. 7 and 8 in that the refractory heatradiating bars are mounted in a difierent manner, and Fig. 10 shows still another arrangement wherein one burner opening is provided for a plurality of heat-radiating bars.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, I show a heatinsulating base block or slab I having a series of passageways 8 that serve as combustion chambers for the fluid fuel and which are arranged in horizontal and vertical rows.

A slab 9 of highly refractory material such as silicon carbide or a heat-resisting metal alloy is positioned against the front face of the block '2 I and is .of a. honey-comb nature, with holes or passageways 10, and having radiating elements H respectively. arranged in alinement with the combustion passages. 8, and having their front and rear ends pointed or tapered to pyramidal or conical shape.

The .slabs l and 3 are held in assembled re.-

..lation by a metal framework 12 that also carries a header pipe 13 and branch pipes I4 through which fuel is supplied to the burner. The branch pipes I i are individually controlled by valves l5 and gaseous fuel is discharged therethrough, through spuds 36 into the combustion passages 8 at fairly high pressure. These burner tips or spuds I6 are readily replaceable, so that desired quantities of fuel will be discharged therefrom. For example, it will at times be desired to have lower spuds I6 with larger discharge openings than the upper spuds, and vice versa. Thus, required amounts of fuel for the desired degrees of temperature can be secured at various vertical stages and horizontal zones.

I may desire to have a premixed fuel supply to the burner tips or spuds l6, such as oxygen and gas or oxygen and oil. The unit can be either placed-in a furnace or used as a furnace wall, or moved from one location to another as for example into proximity to a work piece which is to be heated and cannot readily be placed in a furnace. When the unit is transported, it can be accompanied by oxygen and gas or oil tanks. The combustion takes place entirely or mainly within the passageways 8 and the hot jets of flame impinge against the points and rearwardly-sloping surface of the radiating elements, the jets of flame thus being split or broken up, so that there is effective heat absorption and distribution. The flames will move forwardly through the openings II], but there will be no appreciable amount of flame pass the forward face of the slab 9. There will thus be no undesirable impingement of flame against the work pieces and consequently there will be more even and controlled heating of the work piece. forward ends of the elements II will, of course, become highly heated and radiate heat at various angles. There will also be radiation directly from the hot flames that pass through the openings l8.

Referring now to Fig. 3, I show a heating unit of the same general type as that of Figs. 1 and 2, but built in semi-circular form for the heat treatment of circular bodies such as a melting pot in the open air or in a furnace chamber or soaking pit. In this case, premixed fuel is supplied through a header pipe 2!! to a series of branch pipes 2| that usually will be arranged in vertically-spaced relation. The base or insulating block 22 in this case is of concavely curved form on its interior surface, and the heat-radi- The sloped 3 ating slab 23 is similarly formed. If only One side of a cylindrically-formed work piece is to be heated, this unit will be brought into partly encompassing relation thereto. By using two of these semi-circular units, the work piece can be completely encompassed for heat treatment.

In Fig. 4, I show a base block 25 having a single burner opening 26 that, together with the space 27, in the block, will serve as a combustion chamber from which heated gases are discharged against and between forwardly and rearwardly tapering heat-radiating elements 28. In this case, there is not so accurate zone control as in the structures of Figs. 1 and 3, but the economy and advantages in the way of fuel consumption andv transmission of heatto the work pieces are present, since the radiating elements 28 will eff'ectively absorb a maximum amount of heat, and the flames will also radiate heatto the work without impinging thereon;

In. Figs. 5, I show an arrangement that functions quite similarly'to that of Fig. 4, but wherein the heatsradiating, slab 30 is convexly curved on itsforward face, for wider diffusion or radiation of the heat and for heating concavely-faced work. pieces.

In Fig. 6, I show burner unit 3| that has heatradiating elements 32 which are pointed only at their forward ends. These forwardly tapering points become highly heated and effect a diffusion or'spreading of the heat rays against the work piece, at all angles.

Referring now to Figs. 7 and 8, the heat-radiating elements are shown in the form of refractory bars 34 which are mounted in relativelyspaced relation across the front side of the combustion chambers. The bars 34 are convex on their rear surfaces to receive the impact of the heating gases and to absorb heat therefrom, and to also direct the gases through the spaces between the bars, toward a-work piece, or into a heating space. The bars are slid longitudinally into place, through openings in vertically-spaced brackets 35 which may suitably be of a high refractory alloy and are held in place against an insulating wall 36 by tie bolts 31.

Heating gases are supplied through tips or spuds 38 into passageways 39 which, together with the area 40 behind the bars 34, constitute combustion chambers.

In Fig. 9, a somewhat similar arrangement is shown wherein heat-radiating bars 4| are positioned forwardly of the passageways 42 for heating gases, and are supported in uprights 43 which are held in place against an insulating wall 44 by tie bolts 45. The uprights 43 are notched to permit of conveniently dropping the bars 4| into place, the supporting surfaces for the bars being notched so that the bars will be held against jarring loose and with their rear corners in position to be impinged upon by the heating gases.

Fig. 10 shows an arrangement similar to that of Fig. 9, but wherein heating gases or flames for a plurality of bars are directed through a single burnerv opening or combustion chamber 46 into a large combustion area 41 across the front of which the heat-radiating bars 4| are disposed. While there are no separate gas jets for the various bars 4|, the bars will, nevertheless, break up the flow of heating gases in such manner. as to absorb a large percentage of the heat therefrom and to direct the flow into angular paths that merge at the spaces between the bars, thus retarding direct flow of the gases to the work pieces.

I claim as my invention:

1. Burner apparatus comprising, in combination, a heat insulating wall having spaced openings therethrough, said openings constitutingcombustion chambers, a burner tip disposed adjacent one end of each opening and positioned to direct fuel thereinto, said burner tips being individually removable and replaceable, means for supplying fuel to predetermined groups of burner. tips independently of other groups, and a plurality of refractory bars supported. in spaced opposed relation to the other ends of said openings in positions for impingement of flames thereagainst.

2. Burner apparatus comprising, in combination, a heat insulating-wall having spaced openings therethrough, a burner tip disposed. adjacent one end of each opening and positioned to direct fuel thereintc, said. burner tips being individually removable and replaceable, means for supplying fuel to predetermined. groups of burner tips independently'of other. groups, and a pluralityof refractory bars supported. in spaced opposed relation to the other-ends of said openings in positions for impingement of flames thereagainst, said refractory bars being of substantially squarecross section and being disposed with acorner directed towards said openings.

3. Burner apparatus comprising, in combination, a heat insulating wall having a plurality of openings therethrough, said openings being arranged in vertically spaced horizontal rows, a burner tip disposed adjacent one end of each opening and positioned todirect fuel thereinto, a bar of refractory material disposed opposite the other. end. of eachhorizontalrow of openings for impingement of flames thereagainst, said bars being of substantially square cross section, and V-shaped pockets supporting said bars in position to dispose a corner thereof. directed toward a. horizontal row of openings.

JOHN FREDERICK GROSSKLOSS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this. patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,245,347 Humphrey Nov. 6, 1917 1,322,249 Leland Nov. 18, 1919 1,414,360 Hicks May 2, 1922 1,446,365 Widerhold Feb. 20, 1923 1,486,036 Risinger Mar. 4, 1924 1,501,631 Taylor July 15, 1924 1,532,612 Taylor Apr. 7, 1925 1,533,391 Conroy Apr. 14, 1925 1,567,691 Widerhold Dec. 29, 1925 1,981,602 Levey et al Nov. 20, 1934 2,219,363 Hoak Oct. 29, 1940 2,367,143 Schrader Jan. 9, 1945 2,369,235 Ja-ros Feb. 13, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 737,239 France Oct. 3, 1932 401,762 Great Britain Nov. 23, 1933 405,786 Great Britain Feb. 15, 1934 431,676 Great Britain July 9, 1935 505,990 Great Britain May 19, 1939 513,053 Great Britain Oct. 3, 1939 584,096 Great Britain Jan. 7, 1947 

